// Fig. 21.19: fig21_19.cpp 
// Creating and testing user-defined, nonparameterized 
// stream manipulators.
#include <iostream>

using std::ostream;
using std::cout;
using std::flush;

// bell manipulator (using escape sequence \a)
ostream& bell( ostream& output ) { return output << '\a'; }

// ret manipulator (using escape sequence \r)
ostream& ret( ostream& output ) { return output << '\r'; }

// tab manipulator (using escape sequence \t)
ostream& tab( ostream& output ) { return output << '\t'; }

// endLine manipulator (using escape sequence \n
// and the flush member function)
ostream& endLine( ostream& output ) 
{ 
   return output << '\n' << flush;
} // end function endLine

int main()
{
   cout << "Testing the tab manipulator:" << endLine
        << 'a' << tab << 'b' << tab << 'c' << endLine
        << "Testing the ret and bell manipulators:"
        << endLine << "..........";
   cout << bell;
   cout << ret << "-----" << endLine;
   return 0;
} // end function main




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