REVIEW PAPER ON ELECTRO-MAGNETIC IRON SEPERATOR

PRESENTED BY:   KARTIK IYER
SAGAR DHABALE
RAKESH TAKSANDE

GUIDED BY: Er. H. Bisen
(Department of mechanical engineering, K.D.K.C.E, Nagpur, R.T.M. University of Nagpur)

ABSTRACT

In present time the bulk of electricity is required through the thermal power plants. Coal is a main source for generation of heat; they required consistent quality of coal, but the coal is occasionally contaminated with the ferrous material. Coal consumer required coal in charcoal form for firing. They crush the coal in a pulverizer but the iron particles cannot be crushed, due to the presence of iron particles there will be load occur on the motor of pulverizer system. So that, to remove these iron particles Microcontroller based magnetic separator is designed. The application of magnetic separation realize on the behavior of individual particles under the influence of magnetic field. The electromagnets are suspended with the wooden strip (Which is attached to the shaft of DC motor). It gives a correct angle incline with conveyor. Here two electromagnets are used for separating the iron particles .The method of magnetization and demagnetization is used for separating the iron particles from coal. The electromagnet de-energized and repositioned away from the conveyor belt according to program, which is stored in microcontroller IC to allow for cleaning the magnet. Using assembly language programming and hardware circuitry controls the electromagnet activation and deactivation, motion of electromagnet mechanism and motion of conveyor belt.

INTRODUCTION

Energy in general and electricity plays a vital role in improving the standard of life. In

present time the bulk of electricity generated is through large capacity thermal power plants.

Coal is the solid hydrocarbon burned as fuel to produce most electricity/ most cement/ a

variety of chemicals, and most coke. All steel is made from coke. Heat content depends upon

the amount of fixed carbon it contains Coal must be ground to a fine pulverulant before

industrial use. Ash and sulfur are major coal impurities. They

Remain bound to the coal hydrocarbon of these particles, reducing the Coal’s value. If still

attached to coal that is burned they become Pollutants. If left to transfer into coke they lower

the value of steel. Therefore steps are taken to clean coal by separating the impurities from

the hydrocarbon yielding an upgraded product.

Coal consumers require coal of a consistent quality. Coal contains mixture of

Different size fractions such as lump coal. Mine coal may also contain unwanted impurities

such as rock, dirt, clay, iron sulfide, carbonates, and silica. Before used a coal as fuel it must

be  refined  well.  Hence  it  needs  some  preparation.  The  physical  preparation  involves

following steps

Generally permanent magnet is used for separation of iron particles from coal, which

has certain disadvantages such as

•	They are costlier 

•	Permanent magnet may be demagnetized by heating it to high temperature or hammering it. They loose there magnetic strength after some year, they should be replaced. 

To overcome this problem electromagnet is used for separating the iron particles from coal. The main advantage of an electromagnet over the permanent magnet is that the magnetic field can be rapidly manipulated over a wide range by controlling the amount of electric current. In thermal power plants and coal mines there is always a need of some techniques to separate iron particles from the coal more efficiently with minimum hardware requirement. The principal of magnetic separator is based on electromagnetism. Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field, a field which exert a force on particles those posses the property of electric charge and in turn affected by the presence and motion of these particles. Microcontroller is used for controlling the electromagnetic activation and deactivation, motion of electromagnet transfer mechanism and motion of conveyor belt system. The programming has done in microcontroller AT89S51. This is used to drive the electromagnets, DC motor of conveyor belt system and DC motor of electromagnet transfer mechanism via three Relays.

Future Scope: -

In future the enhancement can be made in electromagnetic separator system. The sensors can be implemented on this system just after electromagnet assembly across the conveyor belt to detect the missing magnetic/iron particles. If iron/magnetic material will be detected then the conveyor belt will be moved just in opposite direction so as to collect the iron particles missed by the electromagnet.

Application: -

In power station after pulverization coal consist of few iron particles which may cause damage to the boiler pipes when it blown with air in boiler for combustion.